Diesel generator is a kind of small power generation equipment, which refers to the power machinery that uses diesel as fuel and diesel engine as prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity. The entire unit is generally composed of diesel engine, generator, control box, fuel tank, starting and control battery, protection device, emergency cabinet, and other components.
It can be used for daily power generation and emergency power generation in various households, offices, large, medium, and small enterprises.
The basic structure of the diesel generator is composed of a diesel engine and a generator. The diesel engine drives the generator to generate electricity.
The basic structure of a diesel engine is composed of components such as cylinders, pistons, cylinder heads, intake valves, exhaust valves, piston pins, connecting rods, crankshafts, bearings, and flywheels. The diesel engine of diesel generator is generally a single cylinder or multi cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Now I will just talk about the basic working principle of the single cylinder four stroke diesel engine: diesel engine starting is to rotate the crankshaft of the diesel engine by manpower or other power to make the piston move up and down in the top closed cylinder. The piston completes four strokes in motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke, and exhaust stroke. When the piston moves from top to bottom, the intake valve opens, and fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, the temperature and pressure increase, and the compression process is completed. When the piston is about to reach its peak, the fuel injector sprays the filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in a mist and mixes it with high-temperature and high-pressure air to immediately ignite and burn. The resulting high pressure pushes the piston downward to work, pushing the crankshaft to rotate, and completing the work stroke. After completing the work stroke, the piston moves from bottom to top, and the exhaust valve opens to exhaust, completing the exhaust stroke. Rotate the crankshaft by half a turn per stroke. After several working cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates into operation under the inertia of the flywheel.
The rotation of the diesel engine crankshaft drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity, which includes a DC generator and an AC generator.
A DC generator mainly consists of a generator casing, magnetic pole iron core, magnetic field coil, armature, and carbon brush. Working principle of power generation: When the diesel engine drives the armature of the generator to rotate, due to residual magnetism in the magnetic pole core of the generator, the armature coil cuts magnetic lines of force in the magnetic field. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, current is generated by magnetic induction and output through the carbon brush.
The AC generator is mainly composed of permanent magnets (called rotors) made of magnetic materials with alternating north and south poles, and armature coils (called stators) made of silicon cast iron and wound with multiple sets of series coils. Working principle of power generation: The rotor is driven by a diesel engine to cut the magnetic field lines axially. The alternating magnetic poles in the stator form an alternating magnetic field in the coil core. The rotor rotates once, and the direction and magnitude of the magnetic flux change multiple times. Due to the transformation of the magnetic field, an induced current that changes in both size and direction is generated in the coil and transported out by the stator coil.
In order to protect electrical equipment and maintain its normal operation, the current emitted by the generator also needs to be regulated and controlled by a regulator.
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